Download Encarta Encyclopedia 2005
When President Lyndon Johnson’s Kerner Commission famously prophesied in 1968 a future of “two societies, one black, one white,” it was wrong. What we have now is a multiplicity of Americans.
If you look up the Civil Rights Movement in the New World Encyclopedia, you will find this statement: "The founding fathers of the United States had written of humanity's inalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, but many did not believe this should apply to black slaves or women." The Civil Rights Movement, a nonviolent struggle for equal rights, has had lasting effects for everyone. The United States Office for Civil Rights explains, "federal civil rights laws have helped bring about profound changes in American education and improved the educational opportunities of millions of students. Many barriers that once prevented minorities, women, individuals with disabilities, and older persons from freely choosing the educational opportunities and careers they would like to pursue have been eliminated." According to a Gallup Poll, a large majority of Americans of all ages and races agree with this, that the 20th century crusade for civil rights was a watershed in our nation’s history and that the movement has benefited other minorities, directly, or indirectly. Overall, whites are more positive than blacks about the success of the movement. Regardless of the polls, when we consider where we as a nation stood on the issue of equal rights just a few generations ago, this unanimity is remarkable.
Social Origins
In The Roots of Hatred, Sharon Begley digs into the root cause of why people have a tendency to classify according to race. Jared Diamond, a University of California biologist, explains social origins of selectivity this way, "Imagine you had lived in the Paleolithic period when small bands of hunter-gatherers were roaming the world. Usually, each group kept to its own turf. But just suppose, pushed by hunger or curiosity, you crossed the invisible line marking the limits of your group’s territory. Should you meet an unfamiliar person in the forest, of course you would try to kill him or else run away. Our modern custom of saying hello and starting a friendly chat would be suicidal. Their evolving brains learned to automatically classify people as either one of us, or one of them."
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